British Aerospace 146
The British Aerospace 146 (also BAe 146) is a short-haul airliner and a regional airliner that was manufactured in the United Kingdom by British Aerospace, later part of BAE Systems. Production ran from 1983 until 2002. Manufacture of an improved version known as the Avro RJ began in 1992. A further-improved version with new engines, the Avro RJX, was announced in 1997, but only two prototypes and one production aircraft were built before production ceased in 2001. With 387 aircraft produced, the Avro RJ/BAe 146 is the most successful British civil jet airliner programme.[3]
The BAe 146/Avro RJ is a high-wing cantilevermonoplane with a T-tail. It has four turbofanengines mounted on pylons underneath the wings, and has retractable tricycle landing gear. The aircraft has very quiet operation, and has been marketed under the name Whisperjet.[4] It sees wide usage at small city-based airports such as London City Airport. In its primary role it serves as a regional jet, short-haul airliner or regional airliner. The BAe 146/Avro RJ is in wide use with several European-based carriers such as CityJet. The largest operator of the type, Swiss Global Air Lines, retired its last RJ100 in August 2017.
The BAe 146 comes in -100, -200 and -300 models. The equivalent Avro RJ versions are designated RJ70, RJ85, and RJ100. The freight-carrying version carries the designation "QT" (Quiet Trader), and a convertible passenger-or-freight model is designated as "QC" (Quick Change). A "gravel kit" can be fitted to aircraft to enable operations from rough, unprepared airstrips.[5]
Development
Design
Operational history
Variants
Aircraft on display
Operators
Accidents and incidents
The BAe-146/Avro RJ has been involved in 14 hull-loss accidents with a total of 294 fatalities and one criminal occurrence with 43 fatalities.[71][72]
- On 7 December 1987, Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771, operated by BAe 146-200 registration N350PS, crashed after a recently terminated disgruntled USAiremployee fired a .44 Magnum pistol, killing the flight crew and his former boss. He then pushed the aircraft into a steep nosedive, causing the aircraft picking up speed to 770 mph (1,239 km/h), the flight going supersonic just before impact. The aircraft crashed into a hillside near Cayucos, California, United States killing the 43 passengers and crew. At the time, airline employees were allowed to bypass security checkpoints.[73][74]
- On 20 February 1991, a chartered LAN ChileBAe 146-200A (registration CC-CET) overran runway 8 while landing at Puerto Williams Airport, Chile, killing 20 of the 73 people on board.[75][76]
- On 22 March 1992, an Ansett Australia BAe 146-200A (registration VH-JJP) experienced a failure of all four engines (a condition known as an uncommanded rollback) and the electrical system at night while en route from Karratha to Perth, Western Australia in icing conditions. The aircraft landed safely at Meekatharrafollowing restart of the engines at lower altitude.[77]
- On 23 July 1993, China Northwest Flight 2119, a BAe 146-300 (registration B-2716), crashed while departing Yinchuan Airport, China, killing 55 of the 113 passengers and crew.[78]
- On 25 September 1998, PauknAir Flight 4101, a BAe 146-100 (registration EC-GEO), crashed on approach to runway 15 at Melilla Airport, Spain, killing all 38 passengers and crew.[79]
- On 24 November 2001, Crossair Flight 3597, operated by Avro RJ-100 registration HB-IXM, crashed while on a VOR/DME approach to runway 28 at Zürich-Kloten Airport, Switzerland, killing 24 of the 33 passengers and crew.[80]
- On 8 January 2003, Turkish Airlines Flight 634, an Avro RJ-100 (registration TC-THG) crashed while on a VOR/DME approach to runway 34 at Diyarbakir Airport, Turkey. 75 of the 80 passengers and crew were killed.[81]
- On 10 October 2006, Atlantic Airways Flight 670, a BAe 146-200A (registration OY-CRG), skidded off the runway while landing at Stord Airport, Norway. The spoilers did not deploy when the aircraft landed. Sixteen people were on board; three passengers and one crew member were killed.[82][83]
- On 9 April 2009, a BAe 146-300 belonging to Aviastar Mandiri, an Indonesian charter operator, crashed into Pike Mountain, Wamena and burst into flames killing all six crew after being ordered by the air traffic controller to abort the initial landing attempt.[84]
- On 19 October 2013, a chartered BAe 146-100 of SkyJet Airlines, with 68 passengers and seven crew on board from Manila, overshot the runway on the island resort of Balesin in Quezon. No one was injured in the incident but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.[85]
- On 28 November 2016, a chartered Avro RJ85, registration CP-2933, flying from Viru Viru International Airport in Bolivia to Medellín, Colombia, as LaMia Airlines Flight 2933, crashed 17 km south of José María Córdova International Airport.[86][87][88]Among the passengers were members of the Brazilian football team Associação Chapecoense de Futebol who were travelling to play their away leg of the Final of the 2016 Copa Sudamericana in Medellín. Of the 77 people on board 71 died.
- On 8 November 2017, an SA Airlink RJ85 suffered an uncontained failure of the #2 engine nearing the beginning of its descent to its destination. Portions of the #2 engine were ejected from its casing and were ingested by the #1 engine, causing it to also fail. The flight was scheduled to fly from Harare, Zimbabwe to Johannesburg, South Africa. The crew elected to continue to Johannesburg, and landed safely.[89]
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